18th/19th Century

Aboriginal war
Friends or foes?

Convict life
Regrets and floggings

Convict crimes
Very odd laws

Convict voice
The dehumanised speaks

Escapes
Thinking different

Larrikin Legacy
Modern culture in penal times

Negroes
A shade of colour

Convict women
Moral diversity

Eureka Massacre
Dying for liberty

Mary McKillop
A rebel and a saint

Outlaws

Pelmuwuy
Rasputin meets Ned Kelly

Mathew Brady
Penal morality

Mary Anne Bugg
Female Bushranger

Ben Hall
The gentleman

Our Ned Kelly
A story heard and considered

Jimmy Governor
A cry of insanity?

E-mail

Mary McKillop

A rebel and a saint

Convicts didn't seem particularly impressed with the champions of Christianity. When Governor King ordered that they attend Church on Sundays, they responded by burning the Church to the ground. Similarly, many Convicts had tattooed onto their backs images of crucifixes or angels holding cups of blood. This gave the impression that when they were being flogged, Christ himself was being flogged.

The Convicts were obviously good judges of character as the champions of Christianity had acted in a manner that ran contrary to Christianity's message. However not all Christian missionaries were bad people. One shining light was Mary McKillop. Like Jesus himself, Mary was a troublemaker. She worked tirelessly for the poor, was excommunicated from the Church, and later was ordered to leave her diocese for promoting controversial views. However if a god exists, it seems he was pleased with Mary as in 1994, Mary became the first Australian to be beatified and seems destined to be canonised.

Mary McKillop was born in Melbourne in 1842. Her father had always struggled in jobs or as a farmer so the McKillops were poor, often living without a home and relying on other wealthier members of the family to survive.

Mary left home to work when she was fourteen and gave all the money she earned to her family. In 1861 she went to work in Penola, a small town in South Australia. Here Mary met Father Julian Woods. Mary felt a religious calling, but hadn't been able to find an order that suited her. Consequently, in 1866, she and Father Woods started their own; 'The Sisters of St. Joseph'. The Order was dedicated to the education of poor children. The order spread to Adelaide and other parts of South Australia, and membership grew rapidly. The sisters followed farmers, miners, railway workers to isolated outback regions. Whatever hardships that they suffered, the sisters would suffer with them.

As well as being extremely compassionate, Mary was strong willed. She stood up for what she believed, which brought her into conflict with religious leaders. She took a vow of poverty, which meant she had to beg for money. She believed that god would provide for the sisters wherever they went. Catholic Church leaders didn't like begging, but Mary refused to change her ways. The tension escalated into conflict over educational matters and as a result Mary was excommunicated by Bishop Shiel for insubordination in 1871. Shiel accused of her of encouraging disobedience and defiance in her schools. He also complained that her students sang excessively.  The excommunication placed on her was lifted 6 months later, and on his death bed, Shiel admitted he had done the wrong thing.

In 1883, Mary came into conflict with the Roman Catholic Church establishment by insisting on an equalitarian rather than hierarchical organization. Bishop Reynolds told her to leave his diocese and Mary transferred the headquarters of the Josephites in Sydney and died in Sydney on 8 August, 1909.

Mary never became bitter against the Church leaders that had opposed her. This forgiving attitude was complemented by the outstanding work of the congregation. Protestants, as well as Catholics, loudly praised her charity to the poor, her personal poverty, and her abstinence from proselytising.

In 1973, Mother Mary became the first Australian to be formally proposed to Rome as a candidate for canonization and she was beatified by Pope John Paul II at St Francis' Church on 27th November, 1994.

*Although beatified, she is not a Saint. To become a Saint, the Vatican must see evidence of a second miracle. Currently, evidence of a second miracle is under consideration by the Vatican.

20th Century

20th century timeline
Prosperity and conflict

White Australia Policy
From Convicts to Chinese

Douglas Mawson
Science and survival

Gallipoli
Remembering loss

John Monash
The father of the blitzkrieg

John Simpson
He died so others may live

Anzac Day
Lest we forget

Tobruk
Desert Rats defy Hitler

Nancy Wake
The White Mouse

Kokoda
Never giving up

Long Tan
What happened?

Referendums
A history of "no"

Prime Ministers
Skeletons in the closet

21st Century

Timeline
Century of Asian engagement